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The science behind our app

Why friction + a squad actually works

Offbit pairs two well-studied mechanisms. The first is social accountability: friends who can see your progress and notice when you slip. The second is friction: a deliberate pause that interrupts a compulsive app launch. We didn't run the studies below — they're from the broader research field — but together they describe each half of what Offbit does.

1. Why your squad makes you follow through

Six papers on accountability, goal pursuit, and how close friendships scaffold behaviour change. Matthews (2007) is the load-bearing one — it directly tests written commitments and weekly progress updates with a friend.

2007Dominican University of California
Dominican University of California

The Impact of Commitment, Accountability, and Written Goals on Goal Achievement

Gail Matthews

Participants who wrote down their goals, committed to a friend, and sent weekly progress updates achieved their goals at rates significantly higher than those who did any of those alone.

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2012Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · SAGE
SAGE Publishing

Distinguishing Autonomous and Directive Forms of Goal Support: Their Effects on Goal Progress and Well-Being

Richard Koestner, Theodore A. Powers, Noémie Carbonneau, Marina Milyavskaya, Sook Ning Chua

Support that respects autonomy — friends cheering you on rather than policing you — produced the largest gains in goal progress. The Offbit leaderboard surfaces the same kind of soft pressure.

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2015Personality and Social Psychology Review · SAGE
SAGE Publishing

A New Look at Social Support: A Theoretical Perspective on Thriving Through Relationships

Brooke C. Feeney, Nancy L. Collins

Close relationships scaffold goal pursuit through encouragement and presence — the mechanism behind why having a squad watching translates into actually following through.

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2002Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · APA
American Psychological Association

Attaining Personal Goals: Self-Concordance Plus Implementation Intentions Equals Success

Richard Koestner, Natasha Lekes, Theodore A. Powers, Emanuel Chicoine

Goals you set for yourself, combined with concrete "if-then" plans, predict actual follow-through better than vague intent. Offbit asks for both: pick the apps, agree the cap.

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2000American Psychologist · APA
American Psychological Association

Self-Determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-Being

Richard M. Ryan, Edward L. Deci

People stay motivated when their actions feel autonomous, competent, and relational. A private squad provides all three: you choose, you progress, you do it together.

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2007Journal of Happiness Studies · Springer
Springer Nature

Looking to Happy Tomorrows With Friends: Best and Close Friendships as They Predict Happiness

Meliksah Demir, Metin Özdemir, Lisa A. Weitekamp

Quality of close friendships predicts wellbeing — the payoff of a goal pursued with friends is bigger than the goal alone.

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2. Why the block screen works

Three peer-reviewed and government field studies on adding intentional friction before an app launch.

2024CHI 2024 · ACM
ACM

Longitudinal In-the-Wild Investigation of Design Frictions to Prevent Smartphone Overuse

Luke Haliburton, David J. Grüning, Frederik Riedel, Albrecht Schmidt, Nađa Terzimehić

A six-week field study showing that intentional friction screens significantly reduce smartphone session length and daily opens, with effects that persist over time.

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2023PNAS · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
PNAS

Directing smartphone use through the self-nudge app one sec

David J. Grüning, Frederik Riedel, Philipp Lorenz-Spreen

A controlled study: a self-nudge that interrupts an app launch for one second reduced daily app opens by 57% on average, with users reporting higher life satisfaction.

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2025KFST · Government of Denmark
KFST

Disrupting Social Media Habits — A Field Experiment with Young Danish Consumers

Danish Competition and Consumer Authority

A government-run randomised field experiment with 18–24-year-olds: friction-based interventions cut self-reported social-media time and increased the perceived value of unused time.

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